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note that “idlife and older gay men have traversed unparalleled historical changes across their adult lives and have paved the way for younger generations of sexual minorities to live in a time of less institutionalized discrimination” (5). It also should be noted that these life experiences are considerably different from that of younger gay men (5).
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Conversely, events like those that followed the Stonewall riots had a positive impact on their lives (4). Some of these events, such as homophobic legislation, dominated the adult lives of the participants and negatively impacted their relationships with others (4). The significance of “lived-through” events was noted, such as the criminalization of same-sex behaviour, pathologization of homosexuality, moral condemnation from religious institutions, acts of resistance, and the sexual liberation movement, which all shaped the social lives of the participants (4).
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An in-depth qualitative study among ten White, urban, well-educated gay men aged 65–77 used interviews to elicit understanding of participants’ social lives (4). Research has demonstrated that significant social-historical events - especially the AIDS epidemic (17) - have influenced the social lives of older gay men (4). What we found The social-historical context and social networks This review focuses exclusively on the psychosocial needs and vulnerabilities of older gay and bisexual men and explores several issues salient to these needs, including: the socio-historical context, social networks, minority stress theory, aging with HIV, and resilience. Other literature has supported this notion, suggesting that sexual minorities have unique health care needs beyond the HIV epidemic that extend to overall health and wellbeing (15, 16). This particular topic - the intersectionality of aging and sexual minority status - has been described as an emerging area of clinical research (2). Among aging Canadians, a 2018 study found that sexual minorities over the age of 45 were more likely to report poor mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression compared to heterosexuals (14). These life experiences are considerably different compared to that of the general population, and for some older sexual minorities, has resulted in health disparities (12).Īccordingly, a 2016 systematic review across 41 studies from high-income settings found that those aged 60 years and older who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual encounter psychosocial factors that uniquely influence the experience and process of ageing (13). the Stonewall riots, the height of the AIDS pandemic) (11). Fredricksen-Goldsen (2014) describes the life experiences of sexual minorities from mid-life to older as vast: individuals born before 1946 grew up in a time when non-normative sexual identities were stigmatized and criminalized, while those born between 19 came of age during unprecedented events that fostered social change (e.g. This is of particular significance for older sexual minorities today, as these individuals likely experienced mistreatment and discrimination before the progression of social attitudes and equal treatment (10). notes that “eople are shaped, in part, by the defining cultural mores and social climate of their formative years” (10). Despite being a small proportion of the population, in recent years research on aging sexual minorities has increased: authors of a 2019 systematic review describe this field of research as having grown rapidly since 2010 (1).Ī 2016 study on LGBT adults in the U.S. In 2018 in Canada, 4% of individuals older than the age of 15 identified as members of the LGBTQ2+ community (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, Two-Spirit, or those who identify with another non-binary gender or minority sexual identity) (9) of these, 7% were aged 65 or older (9). Within the general population of ageing adults, sexual minorities are an often-hidden group (8).